Complex PTSD.

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (C-PTSD) is a condition that can occur after someone has been exposed to prolonged or repeated traumatic events, especially if/when the events occurred during or from a young age. It is different from the more widely recognised condition named “post-traumatic stress disorder” (PTSD) in that C-PTSD involves a much deeper and more severe level of psychological trauma and sometimes a longer recovery process.

C-PTSD can develop when a person is subjected to a traumatic event that causes them to feel disempowered, helpless, and/or out of control. Examples of C-PTSD-inducing events include physical or emotional abuse, kidnapping, captivity, torture, and extreme neglect. The effect of C-PTSD can be as or more severe than that of PTSD. People suffering from C-PTSD often experience intense feelings of guilt, shame, and hopelessness that are pervasive. They may also struggle with anger and irritability, emotional numbness, and an inability to trust others. C-PTSD can also lead to feelings of social isolation and disconnection from other people. In addition to emotional symptoms, C-PTSD can also cause physical symptoms such as chronic pain, fatigue, headaches, and digestive issues. These physical symptoms can further complicate the recovery process and make it difficult to return to a normal life. Alongside emotional symptoms, people often also experience flashbacks and/or intrusive memories when triggered by reminders of their trauma. They may avoid certain environmental or internal cues that remind them of their past trauma.

Fortunately, there are a variety of treatments available to those suffering from C-PTSD. Treatment options range from traditional talk therapies, such as cognitive-behavioural therapy, mentalisation based therapy, and dialectical behavioural therapy, to alternative therapies such as yoga, mindfulness, and animal-assisted therapy. No matter the treatment of choice, the most important thing is to recognise the signs of C-PTSD and seek help. It is important to remember that recovery is possible and that it is never too late to start. With the right support, those suffering from C-PTSD can find hope and healing.